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Gaza’s famine, Sudan’s gold, and Morocco’s shrinking oases: The Cheat Sheet

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Our editors’ weekly take on humanitarian news, trends, and developments from around the globe.

On our radar

Famine – and an 83% civilian death toll – in Gaza

An “entirely man-made” famine has been declared in parts of the Gaza Strip for the first time by the world’s foremost authority on hunger. While the entire population is facing crisis levels of food insecurity, or worse, the UN-backed IPC confirmed that famine is occurring in the Gaza Governorate, which includes Gaza City, and is projected to spread to Deir al-Balah and Khan Younis in the coming month. Without an immediate ceasefire to allow in an influx of aid, “deaths will increase exponentially”, the IPC warned. Already, several people are dying every day from starvation and malnutrition, with 138 people having died so far in August alone. There is widespread evidence that Israel has used starvation as a weapon of war – a crime under international law – throughout its campaign in Gaza. Meanwhile, leaked Israeli military data published by the Guardian reveals that – according to the Israeli military’s own count – 83% of people killed between October 2023 and May this year have been civilians. During that time period, at least 53,000 Palestinians had been killed by Israeli attacks. The only overall conflict with a higher civilian death rate in recent decades was the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The death toll from direct violence in Gaza currently stands at over 62,000. Despite the famine declaration and unprecedented civilian death rate, Israel is pushing ahead with plans to invade and take control of Gaza City. For more, read this urgent dispatch from Rasha Abou Jalal: Will we ever return? Facing down Israel’s invasion of Gaza City.

Zero clarity on Ukraine peace progress

A week of high-level meetings convened by US President Donald Trump has done little to provide clarity on what the future might hold for the 3.5-year-long Russia-Ukraine war. Alarm bells were initially set off as Trump dropped his demands for Russia to agree to an immediate ceasefire after rolling out the red carpet for Russian President Vladimir Putin in an unusual meeting on 15 August in Alaska. Ukraine’s European allies were so concerned by the optics and outcome that the leaders of some of the most powerful European countries and institutions rushed to Washington DC to attend Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s White House meeting with Trump. This meeting was smoother than a previous one in February that went off the rails, but it ended with few concrete details. To agree to a peace deal, Ukraine wants security guarantees from Europe and the US to deter future Russian attacks. The US said such guarantees could be on the table, but nothing was set in stone. It is also entirely unclear if Putin is actually interested in peace. Meanwhile, Russia has continued to launch drone and missile attacks on Ukraine.

Burkina Faso expels UN official after child conflict death report

Not for the first time, Burkina Faso’s military regime has expelled a top UN official – this time, it’s the resident coordinator, Carol Flore-Smereczniak. She was declared persona non grata after the UN published a report on children affected by conflict, covering mid-2022 to mid-2024. The findings are grim: nearly 2,500 violations against around 2,200 children. While 65% of these were linked to armed groups, including al-Qaeda and Islamic State-affiliated insurgents, roughly 20% were attributed to the Burkinabè defence forces and allied volunteer militias. Many children were killed during airstrikes and shelling, and the report also confirmed that the army used schools for military purposes. Flore-Smereczniak’s predecessor Barbara Manzi was also expelled in late 2022 by the ruling junta, which recently suspended a dozen international NGOs, citing administrative non-compliance. The data analysts at Insecurity Insight say the government actions are designed to assert national sovereignty, feeding into a broader populist narrative espoused (some feel cynically) by junta leader Ibrahim Traoré.

Sudan: Where gold flows even while emergency aid doesn’t

In Sudan, humanitarian aid often gets blocked by the warring parties – even in places that are facing famine. Gold, on the other hand, seems to move around just fine, flowing throughout the country and propping up a burgeoning war economy. A series of reports and media articles (including one this week from our friends at Ayin Media, the Sudanese news service) lay bare how the billion-dollar trade is working, and how it has become the biggest source of income for both the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. Most of Sudan’s gold, including from SAF-held areas, ends up in the UAE – no small irony given the UAE’s massive backing of the RSF. Indeed, the largest gold producer in the country is in SAF territory and is owned by a UAE-based company. Both sides are also cashing in on oil, gum arabic, livestock, and agricultural goods – and, closer to our beat, they even take rents from humanitarian aid. We dig into that in more detail in a recent long-read.

World Humanitarian Day flags disturbing aid worker killing trend

This week’s World Humanitarian Day 2025 marked an increasingly dangerous world for aid workers, with data released showing 383 professionals were killed in 2024 – almost all local staff. Research from Humanitarian Outcomes, a consultancy, showed Gaza is the most dangerous place in the world to conduct relief work. By June 2025, more than 500 aid workers had been killed in Gaza since Israel’s invasion in October 2023. Violence against aid workers globally is increasing, and Humanitarian Outcomes recorded twice as much violence in the first six months of 2025 than in most full years prior to 2021. The increasing violence is not just due to wars getting worse, but also because of declining political support for humanitarian norms, and massive aid budget cuts. With the reduction in services provided by international NGOs, local groups have been left to fill the gaps, but “often do not have the resources for the security functions they need”, according to the report. The cuts have also caused job losses of security professionals and degraded humanitarian response standards and resources, which undermined operational security, it said, adding that the impacts of the cuts risked “a return to a time when security was treated as an afterthought”. The trends highlighted “point to a future where humanitarian aid operations are scarcer, more dangerous and less effective”, the report concluded.

Civilian toll of Sweida siege still emerging in Syria

More than a month after severe violence erupted in the southern Syrian province of Sweida, residents of the majority-Druze area say they continue to lack decent shelter, food, safe drinking water, and healthcare. More than 162,000 people have been unable to return home since fleeing the clashes, which devolved into sectarian-based killings, abductions, and sexual violence against Druze. The scale of what happened is still being uncovered, with UN experts reporting this week that more than 1,000 people – including at least 539 Druze civilians – were among the dead, with some people reportedly abducted by forces affiliated with the Syrian government still missing. While a ceasefire has mostly held since late July, security forces have heavily restricted entry to Sweida, which many Druze consider a siege on the city. Aid convoys are now entering, but there are still shortages of basic goods and medications, and the memories of what happened – and is still happening to the minority population – are not going anywhere. For more on how it all unfolded, read this take from Sweida-based Druze filmmaker Adnan Mansour Azzam.

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In case you missed it

AFRICA: The African Union has joined a campaign to replace the Mercator map, which for centuries has made Africa appear smaller than it is. Created in 1569 for navigation, the Mercator configuration preserves shape but distorts size. Civil society groups leading the Correct the Map campaign are urging the adoption of the Equal Earth projection map, developed in 2017, which shows continents in their true proportions. The petition has garnered over 5,000 signatories, with the AU being the largest.

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Talks between the Congolese government and the M23 rebel group have resumed this week in Qatar, though a deadline to reach a peace agreement was missed. Human Rights Watch has, meanwhile, reported that the Rwanda-backed group killed at least 140 people in Rutshuru territory last month, while an Amnesty International report documents M23 fighters summarily killing civilians, attacking hospitals, and torturing and forcibly disappeared civil society members. The Amnesty report also details abuse by pro-government militias.

ETHIOPIA: Amnesty International has called on the Ethiopian government to drop proposed changes to its law governing Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), arguing that amendments regarding tough new registration guidelines and bans on political activity – including voter education – will threaten civil space. Amnesty said the authorities have, over the past few years, increasingly cracked down on CSOs, especially human rights organisations.

HAITI: A weaponised drone launched by the government's gang-fighting task force killed two police officers and injured several more in Port-au-Prince. The deaths renewed existing concerns over the force's collaboration with controversial military private contractor Erik Prince. Meanwhile, as the Multinational Security Support (MSS) mission is close to ending, the US administration announced it is drafting a new resolution to present to the UN Security Council. For more on why the MSS hasn't succeeded, read this investigation. 

INDIA/PAKISTAN: At least 1,860 people have died across India and Pakistan this deadly monsoon season as torrential rains, flash floods, and landslides expose the region’s escalating climate vulnerability. According to official figures, India has recorded 1,109 deaths since late May, while Pakistan has reported 759 fatalities since 26 June.

IRAQ: Iraq announced this week that work has begun to excavate a sinkhole that the so-called Islamic State (IS) is believed to have used as a mass grave. Witnesses have reported that IS executed and dumped bodies into the al-Khafsa site, south of Mosul, but excavation is complicated by unexploded ordnance and other hazards.

NIGERIA: The alleged leaders of one of the country’s three main jihadist groups – Jama'atu Ansarul Muslimina fi-Biladis Sudan (commonly known as Ansaru) – have been arrested. Mahmud Muhammad Usman and Mahmud al-Nigeri were captured during a "targeted operation" between May and July, the government has revealed. The al-Qaeda-linked group has been active in northwest and northcentral Nigeria, and was behind a brazen 2022 jailbreak in the capital, Abuja, that temporarily freed hundreds of inmates.

PAKISTAN: Pakistan’s former prime minister Imran Khan has been granted bail in eight cases relating to a series of violent protests held by his supporters in May 2023. Khan now needs the Supreme Court to grant bail in one more case to finally be released from jail, where he has been since August 2023. Khan was removed from office in 2022. He had more than 100 cases filed against him, including allegations of graft, state gifts, and leaking of state secrets. His supporters claim all the cases were politically motivated.

UGANDA: Uganda has agreed to temporarily accept some deportees from the US who fear returning to their home countries. The agreement excludes unaccompanied minors and people with criminal records. Uganda’s foreign minister said the arrangement will include a preference for Africans. The US is seeking to deport millions of undocumented migrants and has already sent hundreds to El Salvador and around a dozen to Eswatini and South Sudan.

US/GAZA/ICC: The US has sanctioned four more International Criminal Court (ICC) judges and prosecutors over investigations of US and Israeli officials. Since February, the US has maintained sanctions on the ICC's chief prosecutor, Karim Khan, and four other judges. Last year, the court upheld arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former defence minister Yoav Gallant, and ICC prosecutors have reportedly prepared applications for further warrants against National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir and Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich. In May, Khan, who was subjected to a campaign of intimidation, stepped aside over allegations of sexual misconduct, while the main lawyer overseeing the case says he was forced off the case by the threat of US sanctions.

US/VENEZUELA: Tensions between both countries soared after President Trump deployed three Aegis guided-missile destroyers to the waters off Venezuela as part of his plan to fight drug cartels in Latin America and the Caribbean. The US administration simultaneously doubled the bounty for information leading to Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro’s arrest to $50 million, accusing him of leading a drug cartel. In response, Maduro pledged to mobilise more than four million militia fighters to counter US threats. For more, read this multimedia report on the country’s collapsing education system and this analysis.

 

Weekend read 

Outcry as aid sector risks normalising the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation

“This is an existential threat for a sector that is already facing a crisis in legitimacy.”

There are fears criticism of the GHF will be toned down after a secret meeting that led to outrage and disbelief in wider humanitarian circles. 

And finally…

Shrinking oases

Heat waves are longer and hotter because of climate change, and in Morocco, which has had years of consecutive droughts, desert oases are shrinking. Photographer M'hammed Kilito has captured the unique ecosystems, and the people who live in and around them, in a series published in part this week by The Guardian. The pictures are visually stunning as well as a stark warning of what Morocco – and the world – is losing. 

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