A major portion of Batticaloa West had been under the control of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) prior to the government’s March offensive in the region. As fighting got under way, some 75 per cent of residents fled east bringing the total IDP count in Batticaloa District to almost 150,000. They have been living in some 90 welfare sites and with host families and relatives. According to 20 May government figures, some 121,622 IDPs remained in the district.
The Sri Lankan government initiated the resettlement campaign on 14 May, with families boarding buses and other vehicles for the short, 20km journey to their homes in Villavelly town and four nearby villages in the southernmost division of Portativu Pattu. According to the government and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), while there has been looting of many houses, very few were actually damaged by the fighting.
As of 21 May, 19,336 IDPs from 6,040 families had returned to their homes in areas in Batticaloa West, the government said. The government plans to resettle in three phases all IDPs who had left their homes in Batticaloa West, according to Rishad Bathiudeen, minister of resettlement and disaster relief services, who was in Batticaloa to see off the first set of IDPs returning to their villages. Some 38,000 are expected to be resettled by 1 June.
More on IDPs in Sri Lanka |
Complex food distribution operation for displaced people in Batticaloa |
Escorted returns
According to reports from UNHCR and other humanitarian groups, the process of transporting the initial group of returnees home to Portativu Pattu was largely uneventful, although there were cases in which IDPs were concerned about returning. In all cases, the returnees were accompanied by security forces and government officials.
As part of the return process, families have been registered and ID photos taken of them. They are also being given one-week food rations, and have been promised an additional one-month of rations upon their return home. According to humanitarian officials on the ground, distribution of the one-month’s rations has not yet commenced.
Access for aid agencies
On 18 May a UN Inter-Agency Mission visited the resettlement areas of Villavelly, and now the humanitarian community has access to the resettlement communities, provided government authorities are given 24-hours advance notice.
We know that those who stayed behind took advantage of the situation. They broke our doors and looted our houses and they stole our crops. |
Most IDPs have been anxious to return to their homes, according to UNHCR, particularly as it is time for them to begin preparing their fields and planting their crops. However, the lack of information about the return process and the incessant rumours about the security situation had made some of them reluctant to return.
IDPs fear returning to their homes Vellavely
In Mahiloor camp in Kaluwanchikudy division, several days before the resettlements started, a large group of IDPs told IRIN that they feared to return to their homes in Vellavely because they continued to hear artillery firing into Batticaloa West and they believed unexploded devices remain in their villages. They also said their possessions and their harvests had been looted.
Photo: Brennon Jones/IRIN |
These IDPs, who are staying in a welfare camp in eastern Batticaloa, are originally from Villavelly division |
Other IDPs told IRIN they worried about returning to their villages for fear of being caught in the fighting again. “We have lost everything but we don’t want to lose our lives,” T. Sanmuggan, an IDP whose home was in Paddipalai, told IRIN. He said he would only return once the humanitarian agencies are once again a presence in his community.
According to the UNHCR, in recognition of such anxieties and in response to the lack of general information regarding the resettlement process, the Ministry of Resettlement and Disaster Relief Services, with UN agencies, is planning to circulate a leaflet informing all IDPs of their entitlements. UNHCR and other agencies have also urged that “go and see” visits be organised for IDPs who have some reluctance to return.
UN concerns
UN agencies have raised several concerns over the resettlement process to Batticaloa West. Three days before the resettlements commenced, a situation report of the Inter Agency Standing Committee stated that the returnees were being denied visits to the villages. “The resettlement plan has not been presented yet and the humanitarian community fears that the lack of proper planning might put returnees in a situation where safety and dignity are not ensured in the villages of return,” it said.
Sri Lanka conflict background | |
At roughly the same size as the Republic of Ireland, the island nation lies 31km off the southern coast of India | |
As a strategic link between West Asia and South East Asia, Sri Lanka has in the past 500 years been colonised by the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally the British | |
While Buddhism is the dominant religion in Sri Lanka, 20% of the country’s 20 million inhabitants are followers of Hinduism, Christianity and Islam | |
The Sinhalese community makes up the majority of the population, at around 75%, while the Tamils, who are mostly found in the north and east of the island, are the largest ethnic minority | |
Under British rule, the majority Buddhist Sinhalese community resented what they saw as favouritism towards the mainly Hindu Tamils | |
A rise in Sinhalese nationalism led to independence from the British in 1948 and eventually caused sufficient ethnic division in the country to lead to a civil war in 1983 between the Sinhalese-dominated government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), also known as Tamil Tiger rebels | |
The LTTE has sought to create an independent state called Tamil Eelam in the north and east of the island | |
Since 1983, there has been an on-and-off civil war between the government and the LTTE | |
The majority of the fighting has taken place in the north | |
Some 70,000 people have been killed in the war and up to a million displaced by mid-2000 | |
In 2002, a ceasefire took place between the government and the rebels | |
In 2004, there was a major fracturing between the northern and eastern wings of the LTTE. Colonel Karuna, eastern commander of the Tamil Tigers, pulled 5,000 fighters out and formed a breakaway group called the Karuna faction, which maintains a significant presence in the East and continues to launch attacks against the LTTE | |
In 2006, the Sri Lankan government and Tamil rebels broke their ceasefire and undertook military operations |
UNICEF has also voiced concerns over the situation in the resettlement villages, specifically over lack of education facilities, poor sanitary and water conditions and underage recruitments. Its chief field officer in Sri Lanka, Natascha Paddison, said that although the IDP’s preferred to return they were still uncertain over their security. “So, a lot of people have lost hope,” she said.
Frustration
Rukshan Fernando, Coordinator of the Human Rights in Conflict Programme of the Colombo-based Law and Society Trust, voiced the frustration of many in the humanitarian community, itself, who were denied access to the resettlement villages in the initial days of the returns. He tried twice to visit the newly resettled areas, while the first batches of IDPs were being transported. Both times he was blocked by the military.
“On the second day, a senior Special Task Force officer we met told us that they could not allow us to go for fear of ‘our security’. It was difficult to understand how the area could be insecure, when thousands of people were being sent back there,” he told IRIN.
Now that the humanitarian community has gained greater access to the resettlement communities, it is rapidly assessing what immediate assistance is needed for the returnees. The UNHCR has called on the international community to help with assistance, while asking the government to expedite the rehabilitation plan for resettlement areas. What is most needed, according to initial reports from humanitarian agencies, is food and the inputs and equipment for communities to restart their livelihoods - most importantly, paddy agriculture in an area that is known by some as the “garden of Batticaloa”.
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This article was produced by IRIN News while it was part of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Please send queries on copyright or liability to the UN. For more information: https://shop.un.org/rights-permissions