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The Comites du pouvoir populaire (CPPs) - created by Kabila in 1999 after he dissolved the AFDL - monitored the activities of citizens in neighbourhoods, schools and workplaces and reported speech critical of the government to security forces, the State Department report said. The CPPs, which the report said were inspired and trained by Libya, were not part of the formal state structure but “were clearly agencies of the Kabila regime.” Several university lecturers in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi were arrested after CPP members denounced them for questioning the government, according to the report.
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