What started as a seemingly insignificant skirmish between the army and antigovernment forces in Ouham Prefecture of northwestern Central African Republic (CAR) has spurred a humanitarian crisis in which almost 100,000 people have been displaced. In September 2005, these forces first attacked the town of Markounda, in Ouham Prefecture, and killed two soldiers. On 29 January 2006, the government reported that 27 people had been killed in fighting between "armed bands" and the army in the town of Paoua, in the neighbouring Ouham-Pende Prefecture, some 70km south of the Chad border. Independent observers put the number killed at 104. Whatever the case, both attacks marked an erosion of security under the administration of President Francois Bozize and its inability to wrest control of the lawless northwest from these armed bands. The rebellion is in the president’s home prefecture of Ouham, from where in October 2002 he led a successful revolt against President Ange-Felix Patasse. While the government initially dismissed the attacks as the work of bandits, residents in Ouham thought otherwise. They said some of the attackers were Bozize opponents who wanted to undermine his authority because he had overthrown a legitimate government. The antigovernment forces also claimed that Bozize had mismanaged public funds and divided the nation during his three years in office. Other antigovernment forces - all former Bozize supporters who had fought in the uprising against Patasse - had simply decided to be attacking travellers along highways. As their confidence grew they began attacking the army, as a means of asserting their financial claim: They accused their erstwhile leader of failing to honour his pledge to pay each fighter seven million francs CFA (US $14,279) after he seized power. Some had been paid 300,000 francs ($612), but most received only 150,000 francs ($306), according to an official in the CAR military. Home Affairs Minister Michel Salley said Patasse's supporters and former government officials had recruited these disgruntled former fighters to overthrow Bozize, and promised to pay them the money that Bozize had failed to deliver.
The armed groups
Little is known about the antigovernment forces, but residents in the northwest say they are members of the l'Union des forces républicaines, headed by Abdoulaye Miskine; the mouvement patroitic pour la renaissance du peuple cenafricain; and the armee populaire pour la restauration de la democratie et la republique, none of which holds territory. While there is no official alliance between these groups, they share the agenda of destabilising the authority of Bozize’s government. The hit-and-run raids in Ouham and Ouham-Pende by these antigovernment forces have presented a significant challenge to the military, despite the army's claims that the aim of these poorly armed groups is simply to remind the government of their ability to cause havoc. Such assessments have led to government complacency and served to embolden the rebels. They have gone on to launched further attacks such as those on the towns of Bodjomo and Kabo in Ouham Prefecture, and on Bozoum in Ouham-Pende Prefecture. The mouvement patroitic pour la renaissance du peuple cenafricain claimed responsibility for the 29 January attacks on Paoua and the killing of the mayor of Bossangoa, the capital of Ouham. Only in March did Prime Minister Elie Doté first acknowledge the existence of a rebellion in the northwest. Faced with an expanding crisis, the government responded by sending Bozize's elite presidential guards to the area. However, this has fuelled, rather than calmed, civilian fears and led to massive displacement. The guardsmen have been accused of burning down many villages, such as Kadjama in Ouham Prefecture, based on allegations that rebels had been hiding there with relatives. A high-ranking army officer, who spoke on condition of anonymity, maintained that civilians withheld information about the rebels to protect family members who were part of the insurgency.
Humanitarian consequences of war
According to the CAR army, the rebellion in the northwest is a low-intensity war, launched by civilians with no formal military training. Still, the humanitarian consequences of the conflict have been severe.
Léodégal Bazira |
Joseph Foumbi |
Restoring peace
Despite the government’s earlier reticence to acknowledge the severity of the problem in the northwest, it has now made the restoration of peace in the region a priority. As such, the CAR administration and the international community are devising plans to stabilise the region and end the humanitarian crisis. "Very soon, a government mission will go to the troubled zones, mainly in Paoua and surrounding villages, to meet with villagers, discuss with them, and create a certain climate of confidence for a lasting peace," Salley said. However, some diplomats doubted that calm would return to the northwest anytime soon. The ongoing instability in Chad and the Sudanese Darfur conflict have raised some public concern that the rebel groups could take advantage of the fact that the international spotlight has been cast elsewhere and carry out more attacks.
CEMAC troops helping to restore security in the northwest |
This article was produced by IRIN News while it was part of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Please send queries on copyright or liability to the UN. For more information: https://shop.un.org/rights-permissions